5 Famous Cities With Ancient Origins

Making A Small Business Or Large Corporation Overtime

Many of us attending college at this time, attempting to gain an education, learning about business are likely aspiring owning a business in the future. Whether it’s a small business or large corporation overtime, it will likely have to start from the ground up. As start-ups, there are many obstacles new business owners may have to understand and overcome to have initial success. As a brand new start-up, with planning, I would like to acquire a small business loan through the government. Although difficult, with plenty of paperwork and the level of loan approvals declining, we would make that our first choice along with other assistance. It would be beneficial to start with an SBA along with starting a small account on places online, like Kickstarter, where families, friends and others who would like to assist you to raise money for your business. With that plan in place and with time, would allow us to come up with a business plan, determine the risks and the status of the industry, financial statements ect. To properly manage and keep oversight of these funds, an accountant and a lawyer would be hired to properly follow the financial guidance and protect the business from unnecessary lawsuits, penalties and bad financial decisions. Another way we can approach financing would be through e-loans, or loans done online for quick access, but not preferred to it s high interest rates. A good offer we received from Fundera Marketplace was up to $150,000 for three years at a 8.9%Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The American Dream1363 Words   |  6 Pagesif there are large corporations ruining it for the companies trying to reach such dream? The American dream consists of the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. 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Advantages of television free essay sample

Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves.

Ecotourism free essay sample

Ecotourism, surfaced in the late 1980s, is the fastest growing sector of one of the industries in the world. An upsurge in ecotourism, particularly in developing countries, has been created because of the demands for remote, exotic, and natural environments (Scheyvens, 1999). The word ‘ecotourism’ has been coined relatively and a number of different meanings of this word seem like ambassadors travelling every corner of the world. As a result, the marketing value of ecotourism has been exploited by the tourism industry (Goodwin, 1996). In addition, the demand for ecotourism is intimately bound up with the increased awareness to reduce the antagonistic impacts on the environment. Likewise, this has been boosted substantially by means of consumers seeking more abundant and individualistic tourism experience. As ecotourism has been recognized gradually globally, it has been touted as a form of sustainable tourism development and as a potential means to promote the conservation of biological resources (Farrell, amp; Runyan, 1991). We will write a custom essay sample on Ecotourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ecotourism could improve conservation of natural resources. This would take place in four ways. Firstly, it could provide a preferred financial alternative to destructive resource management (Tobias, amp; Mendelsohn, 1991). Secondly, it might seek local support by enhancing and promoting economic, social, or cultural conditions such as generating employment, industry stimulation, economic diversification and increased government involvement. Tangible financial benefits for protected areas could be produced through ecotourism. For example, management costs could be offset by entrance fees (Lindberg, 1991). Lastly, educating Eco-tourists to foster the spirit of advocacy is inextricable with ecotourism. For instance, encouraging protection stems mainly from developing awareness, insight, appreciation and respect by participants for the local environment (Harrison, 1990). This paper starts with brief background of ecotourism and the significance of ecotourism. Likewise, this paper will briefly describe the current approaches to be used in the sustainability of ecotourism development. After this, two cases of ecotourism products will be identified and benefits and challenges of implementing an ecotourism project will be elaborated. Lastly, this paper will end up a reflection and conclusion of the paper’s aims. Approaches to ecotourism development The sustainability of the ecotourism development would not happen by accident. This is inextricably attributed to the application of comprehensive and minimalist approaches. The minimalist approach is aimed at focusing on site-specific, status quo oriented and the natural environment. The comprehensive approach, however, places an emphasis on a holistic perspective of the ecotourism product that integrates the ecosystem and human influences (Harrison, 1995). This approach tends to enhance deep understanding and to transform participant attitudes and behaviour (Weaver, 2005). Furthermore, attaining the objectives of environmental and sociocultural sustainability is intimately associated with the implementation of the comprehensive approach. Likewise, the comprehensive approach mainly pertains to benefits of a product development that are reflected in donations and eagerness engaging in voluntary activities such litter collection and research assistance (Wearing, 2001). In contrast, a minimalist approach is responsible for impeding the attainment of these sustainability objectives. Problems can surface from constructing hierarchies in which megafauna like giant pandas and mountain gorillas are valued more by managers than obscure but no less ecologically valuable species. In these two approaches, the comprehensive approach possesses more strengths than minimalist in achieving the sustainability of ecotourism such as the comprehensive ecotourism gaining deep understanding, focusing on environmental and sociocultural and emphasizing holistic approach (Weaver, 2005). Cater (1994) highlighted the need for local community involvement in planning and developing ecotourism. Gaining the cooperation of local people to improve the feasibility of the development of ecotourism intimately leads to success of ecotourism management. There are two approaches that are favored currently for planning and management the development of ecotourism. The first approach is in relation to planning more formal systems, which attaches great significance to the potential benefits of ecotourism development. This approach is aimed at overcoming the physical and practical barriers to ecotourism development (Garrod, 2003). The second one, however, is more linked with planning participatory, which is aimed at maintaining and building an appropriate balance between development and planning restraint. This approach tends to emphasize the need to integrate ecotourism with other forms of economic and social development so as to resolve these effects efficiently.. Drake (1991) claimed that these two approaches substantially paly a paramount role in planning ecotourism projects and creating benefits. Firstly, increasing project efficiency is intimately bound up with consulting with local people or involving them in the management of the ecotourism project as well as ecotourism operation. Besides this, local involvement can increase project effectiveness and ensure that the project goals and benefits are achieved. Additionally, these approaches are about building capacity among beneficiaries to understand what ecotourism exactly is and how they make great contribution to the sustainability of ecotourism development. This can happen by ensuring that participants are involved in the project and by formal training and raising awareness (Garrod, 2003). There would be other effective approaches for the development of ecotourism, while these approaches without involving local people just scratch the surface of addressing challenges that ecotourism development is confronting. Ecotourism developments Sundarbans, Bengal, India| Penang National Park (PNP)| Strengths * Good tourism infrastructure; * Differentiated local culture which supports the ecotourism development; * A number of natural attractions including Royal Bengal Tiger and estuarine crocodile. Strengths * Accessibility is high; * No entry cost for average tourists; * Having good relationships with local touring companies; * Having an education hub is created by NGOs; * Having support from international researchers | Weaknesses * Less participation and coordination of local people in tourism development * Lack of incentives supporting local peo ple to engage tourism development| Weaknesses * Lack of admission support with regarding to entering into PNP * Lack of signs of boarding and fencing around the Park * Lack of suitable solid waste management| Opportunities * Opportunities in diversifying of ecotourism products including trail walk and country boasts * Participation of local people will provide more value in ecotourism package| Opportunities * Increasing artnership with local hotels, restaurants * Set up admission fees to generate more income for future development| Threats * Increasing population may damage the sustainability of ecotourism program * Ecosystem can be negatively impacted by poor management | Threats * Farmer’s encroachment * Stealing of flora and fauna| Case of Sundarbans The resources of flora and fauna are the natural wealth to Sundarban. There are more than 60 plant species and 90% mangrove species in this area which provide a comfortable environment to amphibian tigers. Distinctively, Sunda rban Tiger Reserve has more than 260 in quantity from other tiger reserve zones of other countries (Bhattacharya, Bhattacharya amp; Patra, 2011). Sundarban is a tourists’ paradise where thousands of tourists tend to visit the mangrove tiger land. The title of ecotourism is well-known in Sundarban. Ecotourism is considered as an ecologically, morally and ethically part of tourism which is aimed at optimizing cultural and ecological benefits. Likewise, it provides the tourist with an inspiring experience as well as more economic benefit. Community-based ecotourism makes substantial contribution to the ecotourism framework. Kersten (1997) claimed the local community maintains major control over the management and maximizes the profits of the project. Instead of regional development, the participation marginalized sector and community development can be referred to this strategy. Developing and managing ecotourism is intimately bound up with requiring a conducive environment that can boost its development and smooth operation. For Sundarbans, the most important requirement is the local people participation in larger number. Besides this, ensuring the income generated from this region stays with the community (Bhattacharya et al. , 2011). Moreover, the success of Sundarbans is inextricably attributable to the satisfaction of the tourists after visiting this place. The quantity of visitors, their duration of stay, their feedback and their desire of making another visit can clearly reflect their satisfaction. On the other hand, some major dilemma that Sundarban is confronting is the rise in the sea level that has had great negative effects on this delicate ecosystem. Likewise, it also causes a rise in salinity. The reduction in number in the low salinity tolerant mangrove species is directly associated with this dilemma. A reduction of water reserve has been resulted from the rise of salinity. Moreover, resorting to collecting tiger prawn seed by the local people is another major threat. This could be detrimental to the natural regeneration of the mangroves (Bhattacharya et al. , 2011). Thus, Sundarban’s ecosystem is being threatened by all of factors. In order to effectively respond to these threats and establish a sustainable planning for ecotourism, ensuring communal ownership and control is essential for that. Besides, fostering a feeling of pride and community through a preservation of traditional practices and cultural techniques is a means to achieve that. Through educating local population about the negative impact of overexploiting, it is expected that the environmental consciousness can be cultivated. Moreover, developing a proper ecotourism package that is different from the existing mass tourism packages was exactly what the local government intervened or focused on. Case of Penang National Park (PNP) The PNP, which is a coastal forest on an island, is endowed with inland forest and woodlands in the park extending to the sea. There are special forest communities which include mangrove areas, pear swamps, beach forests and riparian forests (Hong and Chan, 2010). In addition to mangrove areas, the PNP is in possession of eight forest beaches, rocky shores and inner forest. Noticeably, the resources of timber, medicinal and ornamental plants are relatively rich in PNP. Interestingly, the PNP houses a biological and marine research station owned by the University Sains Malaysia (Hong and Chan, 2010). Furthermore, as Penang is stressed for water, the PNP plays an important in water catchment area for the Teluk Bahand dam (Hong amp; Chan, 2010). According to Kumar (2004), the PNP can definitely claim to be one of the natural heritage sites in Malaysia standing for ecotourism and natural heritage conservation with vast potentials. This would not happen automatically but lie in successfully carrying appropriate strategies out and the natural strengths. Firstly, the PNP is in possession with many unique features which are exclusive compared to other national parks. These unique features include a unique lake and mudflats. Besides that, the park is abundant in biodiversity, harboring rich fauna like the giant flying squirrel, and flying lemurs (Ong amp; Dhanarajan, 1976). Furthermore, establishing partnerships with hotels in Batu Feringghi and Tanjung Bungah in promoting the PNP to the international tourists made great contribution to success of The PNP (Hong and Chan, 2010). Additionally, the sustainable operation of the PNP is directly linked to sustainable income generated through collection of entrance fees to The PNP maintenances. According to Hong and Chan (2010), 80% of the total visitors are willing to pay for an entrance fee and to participate in ownerships of the PNP. Lastly, George Town City in Penang has been listed as one of UNESCO’S world Heritage Site on 7 July 2008, which has exposed the PNP to the international tourists (Hong amp; Chan, 2010). However, several threats to ecotourism development of PNP have surfaced. The foremost threat to PNP is the solid waste management. The PNP is confronting environmental threats with regard to risks of flora and fauna extinction, as more visitors flock to this place (Lee amp; Leong, 2003). Moreover, farming activities such as deforestation and replacing the cleared area with crops could lead to a significant increase in soil erosion and could affect the ecosystem (Chan, Chan, amp; Kumar, 2004). In order to effectively respond to these threats, Penang stat government took its roles in controlling these threats and creating a balance between development and conservation. Besides this, the PNP has built a nature education center for school children, a natural laboratory for scientific research and a life laboratory for ecotourism research (Chan, 2009). Sustainable development of ecotourism stems from maximizing strengths and minimizing threats. Reflection There is no doubt that ecotourism is increasingly being regarded as a strategy to resolve economic and social problems in local communities. It is also increasingly being considered as an appropriate and effective tool for environmental conservation. As the ecotourism development is increasingly becoming an important economic vehicle in natural areas, these two cases thoroughly mirrors the characteristics of ecotourism. Not only does it provide opportunities for visitors to experience powerful manifestations of nature and culture, but also it generates economic benefits for communities living in rural and remote areas. Drumm and Moore (2005) stated that the implementation of ecotourism makes great contribution to giving economic value to ecosystem services and generating direct income for the conservation of protected areas. In addition to these, direct or indirect income is generated by the development of ecotourism. Incentives for conservation in local communities are exactly what ecotourism creates. Furthermore, ecotourism implementation can be considered as a tourism strategy for promoting sustainable use of natural resources and reducing threats to biodiversity (Drumm and Moore, 2005). The benefits of ecotourism have greater potentiality in many destinations, for these two cases, the process of ecotourism planning is considered as a useful conservation strategy in addressing those potentialities. Benefiting both local people and the protected area are the ideal component of a sustainable development strategy in ecotourism. The ultimate success of an ecotourism initiative would be reflected in having low impact upon a protected area’s natural resources and involving stakeholders in planning, developing, implementation and monitoring. On the other hand, it is inevitable that some serious challenges would be confronted in ecotourism development. Firstly, in some areas earnings from ecotourism are moved to social and infrastructural programs instead of reinvesting into conservation and maintenance. For example, even though Costa Rica’s park successfully implemented an ecotourism project, the sustainability of the parks has been jeopardized by using earning in infrastructural programs rather than using in conservation process. In addition to this challenge, political will to support ecotourism development plays a vital role in leading to success of the sustainability. Effectively responding to these challenges is directly associated with ensuring ecological, social and economic sustainability when implementing an ecotourism project. Besides this, building strong partnerships with state government and hotels is a core means to handle these challenges. Moreover, taking a leaf out of the historical books is critical to pave the way for the future. Conclusion The definition of ecotourism is increasingly becoming blurred, or it is a relatively new concept. Some people have abused the term to attract conservation conscious tourists. It is concluded that the local people’s welfare and natural environment can be benefited from the development of ecotourism. Both participants and stakeholders play a critical role in the tourism development and ecotourism implementation. The need to recognize involving communities in the development of ecotourism is essential and important for contributing to the sustainability of ecotourism development. Ecotourism planners might put profits first or feasibility first. However, involving people or communities would be the optimal approach to achieve the sustainability of ecotourism. There are economic, ecological, environmental and social reasons to implementing an ecotourism project. The sustainability of ecotourism development is inextricably associated with these factors.

Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict by Expert Ivy Writer {PhD} | 28 Dec 2016 Paradise Now is a unique and powerful film about two handsome young Palestinian men who prepare for a suicide attack against the Israelis. One of them backs out in the end. But the other succeeds in blowing up a bus filled with Israeli soldiers. Need essay sample on "Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Never before has a film like Paradise Now been made. Although the film covers only the length of a single day during which the young men prepare themselves for the suicide bombing, it provides a unique perspective into the Israel-Palestine conflict. Both parties seem to be fighting for the sake of God. Their respective religions both springing from the faith of Abraham have taught them to right all wrongs through armed struggle if required. In the case of the poor Palestinians, the struggle for justice is meant to send the people that fight for justice to paradise. As a matter of fact, suicide bombing seems like a real solution to the poor people in Palestine. Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper now? Essay writers suggest: Calculate The Price They are desperate to fight, and believe that it is easiest to kill the enemy by also killing themselves. Moreover, suicide bombing is seen as a way for them to enter paradise now, as martyrs in the cause of God. Besides, it is a way to achieve absolute freedom from the problems that haunt them day after day. Their families have been killed, their babies butchered, and their houses have been mown down. Hence, the people of Palestine find it convenient to kill themselves during the fight. What is more, those who engage in suicide attacks, according to Paradise Now, make videos of themselves before the suicide attack, explaining to their people that suicide bombing is the right way to end the Israel-Palestine conflict. Based on a report published in the year 2005, the escalating violence and murders in Israel and the Occupied Territories had brought untold suffering to the Palestinian and Israeli civilian populations in nearly four and a half years. More than one hundred and fifty Palestinian women had been killed during this time by Israeli forces. On the other side, approximately three hundred Israeli women had been butchered by Palestinian armed groups. And, of course, women on both sides had also lost their families, including their husbands and children. Besides, many had lost their homes (Israel and Occupied Territories). There had been an increased militarization of the conflict since the beginning of the Intifada. Palestinian women were already dealing with violence at home, as they came from the traditional patriarchal society of Palestine (Israel) Now they also had to take up arms and turn into suicide bombers in order to take revenge on behalf of their murdered children and other weak members of society. Israeli women, too, had to join the military forces at home so as to fight and destroy the enemy (Halpern). In the process, no doubt, there was an increase in the number of lost lives. Both men and women who engage in suicide attacks against Israelis believe that they would enter paradise as soon as they are done with their suicide bombings. To aggravate the Israeli-Palestine conflict, now youngsters too are participating in suicide attacks. Issa Bdeir was a 16 year old high school student from Al Doha who killed himself in Rishon LeZion whilst killing another teenage boy as well as an elderly man. Nine other suicide attacks were documented between 2000 and 2004 with minors as the perpetrators. Other incidents have been reported since, also involving children as young as 12 years old (Child Suicide Bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict). This was the age of Muhammad Al-Durra as well, the 12 year old innocent boy who was traveling with his father and killed for no rhyme or reason by an Israeli soldier. According to E. Yaghi, His death has become a symbol of freedom and the Palestinian struggle against the Israeli occupation. Muhammad Al-Durra was not the first and the last innocent boy to be killed in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, he became an issue over which the Palestinians got ready to fight hard and long, even through desperate measures like suicide attacks. Apparently it did not matter to either the Palestinians or the Israelis that former President Clinton of the United States reminded both that they were the children of Abraham. The Israelis and the Palestinians continue to fight over a piece of land, and they have been doing so for over sixty years. According to Roger A. Lee: The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is both simple to understand, yet deeply complex. At the heart of this conflict is a basic idea that both sides believe: The Israelis believe that they are entitled to the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine. Unfortunately, both sides claim the same land; they simply call the land by different names. For religious Jewish Israelis and religious Palestinian Muslims, the belief is deeper still, for both sides believe that God (called Jehovah by the Jews and Allah by the Muslims), gave them the land, and that to give it away or to give it up to another people is an insult to God and a sin. Ironically, both the Jews and the Muslims believe in one God, who must necessarily be both Jehovah and Allah by name. The God that they believe in is a peaceful God, all out to teach the method of Love your neighbor as you love yourself. Furthermore, although everybody seems to have the interests of both the Israelis and the Palestinians at heart, nobody seems to be doing anything spectacular about it. In other words, the Palestinians cannot get the Israelis off their backs, and vice versa. Neither does a strong government of the world take over the region to help the Israelis and Palestinians coexist. Such coexistence was possible in the Ottoman times, for instance. At present, however, nobody finds Palestinians another place to live. Neither does anybody advise the Israelis to tolerate their neighbors. What is more, even God does not seem to be interfering in the conflict! According to John Spritzler, events such as those depicted in Paradise Now would continue occurring because the Palestinians cannot find a realistic way to resist an implacable force that wants them to disappear or live forever in squalid refugee camps as permanent outcasts from their former towns and villages. The world does not provide them with an answer either. All that it does is to condemn those who engage in suicide attacks, and rightly so. All the same, it is obvious to everyone that nobody has by now discovered a unique solution to help both the Israelis and the Palestinians. It would take very strong leadership on behalf of an inpidual, a party, or a government to stop the Israel-Palestine conflict. The solution is, of course, coexistence. How may the Jews and the Muslims tolerate each other unless both groups wish to act like Cane from the Cane and Able story? The world may either continue watching the two groups butcher each other, or truly take a stand to assist both groups. It is also obvious that both groups have misinterpreted their religion, which cannot seem to find them a way to end the conflict. Even though both are calling upon the same God, they are miserable doing so. It is apparent, therefore, that both groups have misunderstood the correct way of God. Only the method of Loving your neighbor as you love yourself is workable in their situation. But both groups are unwilling to understand this method. Perhaps the world would be better off, therefore, to educate the two battling groups in the region. Ignorance is the cause of Paradise Now. The Israelis, too, are not able to resolve the conflict through educated means. It will be best, therefore, to concentrate first on the education of the two groups. In the present world circumstances, this method is viable through the United Nations. All that it requires now is a matter of commitment. Besides, the world needs to stop taking sides in the conflict. Both the Jews and the Muslims are suffering, and both require urgent assist. All third parties interesting in helping to resolve the conflict must think objectively, and truly resolve the conflict instead of waiting for world reactions. Works Cited Child Suicide Bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Wikipedia, 2007. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_suicide_bombers_in_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict. Accessed 23 March 2007. Halpern, Micah D. Middle East Women. Israel Insider, 14 May 2002. Available at http://www.israelinsider.com/index.htm. Accessed 12 December 2006. Israel and Occupied Territories: Conflict, Occupation and Patriarchy Women Carry the Burden. Amnesty International, 31 March 2005. Available at http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-isr/reports. Accessed 12 December 2006. Lee, Roger A. "The History Guy: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict," 2007. Available at http://www.historyguy.com/israeli-palestinian_conflict.html. Accessed 23 March 2007. Paradise Now. Film. Directed by Hany Abu-Assad. Warner Independent Pictures, 2005. Spritzler, John. Right and Wrong Responses to Palestinian Suicide Bombers. New Democracy, 24 March 2005. Available at http://www.newdemocracyworld.org/suicide-bombers.htm. Accessed 23 March 2007. Yaghi, E. The story about Mohammed al-durra with all my due respect. Palestine Remembered, 2001. Available at http://www.palestineremembered.com/Gaza/al-Masmiyya-al-Kabira/Story218.html. Accessed 23 March 2007.

Cass Gilbert - Architect of Skyscrapers and Capitols

Cass Gilbert - Architect of Skyscrapers and Capitols American architect Cass Gilbert (born November 24, 1859 in Zanesville, Ohio) is nationally known for his grand neoclassical design of the US Supreme Court building in Washington, DC. Yet it was Lower Manhattan in New York City on 9/11/01 that drew attention to his iconic Woolworth Building, a 1913 skyscraper that survived the nearby terrorist attacks. These two buildings alone- the US Supreme Court and the Woolworth Building- make Cass Gilbert an important part of American architectural history. Although Cass Gilberts name is rarely mentioned today, he exercised enormous influence on the development of architecture in the United States. Completing his formal education in 1879 at Bostons Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Gilbert was trained to know historic and traditional architectural forms. He apprenticed under Stanford White and the high-profile firm of McKim, Mead and White, yet Gilberts own architecture is his legacy. His genius was in merging modern interiors and technologies of the day with historic exterior architectural styles. His Gothic Revival Woolworth Building was the worlds tallest building in 1913, and it had an indoor swimming pool. Combining modern technologies with historic ideas, Gilbert designed many public buildings, including the state capitols of Minnesota, West Virginia, and Arkansas, spreading neoclassic design into the heartland of America. He was a consulting architect for the iconic George Washington Bridge, still used by New Jersey commuters to cross the Hudson River into New York City. Cass Gilberts success as a designer was due largely to his skill as a businessman and his ability to negotiate and compromise. Inventing the Skyline: The Architecture of Cass Gilbert, edited by Margaret Heilbrun, captures the spirit of a man who spent a lifetime trying to balance these qualities. Essays by four scholars analyze Gilberts major projects, his sketches and watercolors and his contributions as a city planner. Along the way, readers are given an inside look at Gilberts creative processes- and his conflicts and compromises. For example: Originally, Gilbert planned to place womens toilets only on every third floor of the Broadway Chambers Building.Discord erupted when Gilbert refused to use local stone for the Minnesota State Capitol.Gilberts vision for the George Washington Bridge included fountains, sculptures, and granite towers.Gilbert believed that colored terra-cotta was essential in the design of modern skyscrapers.   Gilbert died May 17, 1934 in Brockenhurst, England, yet his architecture continues to be part of the American skyline. The most comprehensive records of Cass Gilberts work are housed at the New-York Historical Society. Some 63,000 drawings, sketches, blueprints and watercolor renderings plus hundreds of letters, specifications, ledgers and personal files document the firms New York practice. In linear footage, the Societys Gilbert collection is about as high as his celebrated Woolworth Building. Selected Projects by Cass Gilbert 1900: Broadway Chambers Building, New York City1902: Essex County Courthouse, Newark, New Jersey1904: Festival Hall and Art Building, St. Louis, Missouri1905: Minnesota State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota1907: US Custom House, New York City1913: F.W. Woolworth Company Building, New York City1915: Arkansas State Capitol Building (completed project), Little Rock, Arkansas1917: Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Ohio1921: Detroit Public Library, Michigan1926: Plans for George Washington Bridge, New York1928: New York Life Insurance Building1932: West Virginia State Capitol, Charleston, West Virginia1935: U.S. Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. Quotes by Cass Gilbert In conducting business (especially for the office) never forget that the greatest danger arises from cocksure pride.Beware of over-confidence; especially in matters of structure.It is only the young and callow and ignorant that admire rashness. Think before you speak. Know your subject. Cass Gilbert in History Although today a new appreciation for architecture based on historic themes has reawakened interest in the work of Cass Gilbert, this was not always the case. By the 1950s, Gilberts name had slipped into obscurity. Modernism, which idealized sleek, unadorned forms without ornamentation, became fashionable and Gilberts buildings were often dismissed or even ridiculed. British architect and critic Dennis Sharp (1933-2010) had this to say: The fairly pedestrian designs created by Gilberts firm did not prevent it from gaining popularity. The majority of buildings the firm designed were gothicized skyscrapers, the most famous of which was the Woolworth Building. Works designed by the firm during the early 1930s were competent Classical buildings which lack the originality of such contemporary Modernists as Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.~ Dennis Sharp. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p65. Sources Photo of Woolworth Building on 9/11/01 by Michael Rieger/FEMA News Photo 3949/National Archives; Courtyard of the Cathedral Cloister Monreale Watercolor by Cass Gilbert from Arttoday.com, published with permissionQuotations from Maxims for My Office Organization

Changing Landscapes of work (Argument Synthesis) Essay

Changing Landscapes of work (Argument Synthesis) - Essay Example It is also expected that the American workers would migrate to other countries in search of better and well paid jobs but only the best ones would be able to fit into an organization. New jobs would not require much physical ability it will have to be brains and brains only, it is also expected that the old American workforce and women would continue to struggle to get into decent organizations. Exporting jobs to Asian countries has become a very popular trend and this trend is expected to continue, it is expected to continue because American workers ask for too much compensation when compared to the workers in Asia, this makes the decision very simple and straight forward for the employers. The same work is being done in countries like India and Singapore for far less than in America. Low-skilled labors will be affected the most, globalization has already taken a toll on them and they have to be content with subpar wages and this is expected to continue. There is a lot of competition when it comes to the low-skilled or unskilled American workers and this competition is expected to get even fiercer. The students would inevitably have to change their career plan because a lot of changes are going to take place in the near future. Specialization and specialized courses would be preferred and would become more rewarding in the near future. America is getting older and this will be a problem in the future. Baby boomers would refrain from retiring early because they would keep looking for external sources of income and this is going to affect the economy on the whole. Technology is getting better with each passing day and sophisticated technology is going to take away several jobs in the future, it has already taken away jobs in the past. For instance, an automated voice on the telephone was earlier recorded by Indian

Laying Off Talent Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Laying Off Talent - Assignment Example The success of an organization relies on the productivity of its employees. Firstly, layoffs discourage the creation of a cohesive team of experienced employees. This causes either understaffing or introduces inexperienced employees who will slow productivity since new employees require orientation (Silzer & Dowell, 2010). Additionally, layoff is always a major factor that demoralizes employees thereby slowing the productivity of the employees. The process causes fear in the remaining employees since they begin doubting the longevity of the organization thus their social security. Such a scenario discourages the creation of a dedicated workforce capable of improving the long-term performance of the organization. Laying off employees affects the talent pool primarily by reducing the capacity of the pool. Eliminating employees implies that the talents leave the organization. This causes a smaller talent pool with fewer individuals a feature that lowers the innovativeness of the workforce. In addition, the remaining employees became too demoralized to employ creativity. Both features lower the productivity of the organization. As explained earlier, layoffs require effective management that begins with the measurement of the talent to ensure that the company lays off the most appropriate group. The organization must create a conducive environment for the employees to maximize their productivity. This way, the management determines redundant employees for layoff thereby increasing the space of operations for the most productive

Business Analysis of Energy Drink Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Analysis of Energy Drink - Essay Example As for the customers who will purchase this product, they would include the teenagers who are the residents of metropolitan areas. These would comprise of the SEC A and B classes who would have parental incomes above US$5,000 on an annual scale. The company believes in delivering state of the art energy drinks to its customers which essentially suggest the goodwill that the energy drink company has believed in ever since its inception. The leadership style at the company has focused on satisfying the market and the consumers and delivering quality rather than just mere words. Quality is backed up with quantity by making sure that the product is available at all the retail outlets. The leadership style is thus surely one which will help develop and sustain the business for a long period of time. It will help build solid rapport with the partners and channel members at the different levels, which include the distributors, wholesalers, retailers and so on and so forth. The market right now is quite attractive for the energy drink market and I believe it is the right time to hit the market with our product as it offers a different taste and aroma surrounding it. Market is on the rise and I am sure with the passage of a little time, my brand would also hit the retail outlets just like all the other popular brands have already done. The survey that we did before launching the energy drink consisted of both the primary research data as well as the secondary one. Primary data included the matter related with asking questions from the people in a random order. The sample consisted of around 250 men and women combined. The secondary data was collected from A C Nielsen, the marketing research concern. The questions that were asked included the following: 1. Do you drink energy drinks' 2. What is one thing that you like about energy drinks' 3. Would you go for an expensive energy drink or one that costs less and gives more in terms of benefits like rich taste, aroma and a sense of attachment with it' 4. Would you go for Aloha Energy Drink if we give it to you for X dollars' Product The product itself is the Aloha Energy Drink which is available within the market at a reasonable rate. It is one of the most sought after energy drinks that will be there in the market and offers a niche segment of its own. Its competitors will understand that Aloha Energy Drink is a name to reckon with, in the relevant market domains and thus Aloha would come out as a winner at the end of the day. Place There are a few managers at the retail and sales level who are concerned with delivering the product to the stores and outlets. We have the sales manager as well as the advertising manager. Then we have the marketing manager who is above both of them and takes care of all the marketing related things for the brand. The total employees are close to a thousand

Psychosis in Children

Psychosis in Children Psychotic disorders in children are not common, however it is generally agreed that its prevalence increases during adolescence. The prevalence of psychosis in 13 to 19-year-olds was reported to be 0.54%, increasing from 0.9 per 10 000 at age 13 years to 17.6 per 10 000 at 18 years.8 Among adults with schizophrenia, 5% of them report onset of psychosis before the age of 15 years old and 20% of them have their onset before the age of 20 years old.9,10 Nevertheless, psychotic disorders in adolescence often mark the beginning of a lifetime contact with mental health services. Psychotic disorders in adolescence can pose not only diagnostic and treatment challenges, but also difficulties to the adolescent as well as their families. As can be seen in MLS’s case, there were challenges since the initial onset of symptoms including diagnostic uncertainties, difficulties faced by MLS and his parents due to the uncertainty in diagnosis which then led to worsening of symptoms and a rehospitalisation. In addition, the onset of symptoms at the age of 17 would be of significance for MLS as this is the age where several important life events would take place such as the major school examinations Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, which may determine his academic and occupational future, in addition to other important life transitions such as having a relationship with the opposite sex, completing school and making a decision regarding the next step in his life such as whether or not to pursue further education. As such, accurate and early diagnosis, with appropriate tre atment is of utmost importance to ensure achievement of remission and to minimize any disabilities. Though schizophrenia in prepubertal children is rare, the prevalence of schizophrenia in adolescents is approximately 1 to 2 per 1,000, with an estimated ratio of 1.67 boys to 1 girl. The rate of onset is reported to increase during adolescence, and while the onset of illness is usually insidious, it may occur suddenly in a previously well child, such as in MLS’s case. Multiple aetiological factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia, including genetic, neurodevelopmental, as well as environmental risk factors.11 There is a family history of psychiatric illness among 2 of MLS’s paternal relatives and although their diagnoses could not be ascertained, it is likely that his paternal uncle had suffered from a psychotic illness in the past from the description given. This contributes to genetic loading which poses as a risk factor for the development of MLS’s illness. Another significant finding is that child and adolescent-onset schizophrenia is associated with premorbid developmental and social impairments. Some children and adolescents with schizophrenia are premorbidly more likely to have lower intelligence quotient, social withdrawal, isolation, poor peer relationships, excessive anxiety and academic trouble as compared to adult-onset schizophrenia, while some others may have histories of delayed motor or language milestones similar to some symptoms of autistic disorder. 12,13 A study on child and adolescent-onset psychoses found significant difficulties in social development affecting ability to make and keep friends in a third of cases with schizophrenia.14 MLS had poor eye contact as a child and although he did not have any other features of autism, he appears to be more socially reserved, having only few friends. This puts him at risk of developing schizophrenia, however whether premorbid impairments pose as a risk or precursor of psychos is remains a question. These premorbid impairments may be a causative factor for psychosis, or on the other hand, could be markers of an underlying neuropathological process which may be the cause of both the premorbid social impairment and psychosis. In addition, MLS had reported seeing shadows on a few occasions during childhood, at age 10 and 12 years old. An association between self-reported psychotic symptoms during childhood and later schizophrenia has been found.4 A 15-year longitudinal cohort study demonstrated a very high risk of schizophreniform disorder at age 26 among individuals who reported psychotic symptoms at the age of 11 with an odds ratio of 16. 42% of the schizophreniform cases at age 26 reported one or more psychotic symptoms at age 11 years, including hallucinatory experiences and delusional beliefs. The individuals who reported the psychotic symptoms at age 11 did not have mania or depression at age 26, suggesting specificity of prediction to schizophreniform disorder.15 Though this study found an association between psychotic symptoms in childhood and later schizophreniform disorder but not schizophrenia, it appeared that attenuated psychotic symptoms contribute a significant high-risk premorbid phenotype. 4 Growing up, MLS’s parents executed different parenting styles towards him. While his father gave him freedom and did not seem very involved in his daily living, his mother was overinvolved and controlling of his activities. The different types of parenting were described by Diana Baumrind in 1966 who introduced three models of parental control, namely authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. In permissive parenting, the parent is non-punitive and acceptant towards the child’s actions and desires, makes few demands for responsibility, allows the child to regulate his own activities and avoids the exercise of control.16 The parent imposes few maturity demands and either indulges or neglects the child’s needs.17 On the other hand, authoritarian parenting is characterized by high expectations of conformity to parental rules. The parent is obedience-oriented and the child is expected to obey orders without explanation. According to Baumrind, both permissive and au thoritarian type of parenting may prevent the child from being able to engage in interaction with people. Children and adolescents of authoritarian parents are tend to have less self-confidence and become socially withdraw, while permissive parents tend to suffer from problems with emotional regulation and self-control, and thus they were reported to be more likely involved in problematic behaviours and aggression.18 In MLS’s case, as MLS’s mother plays a more dominant role in the family compared to his father, her authoritarian parenting had resulted in MLS becoming more socially withdrawn, mostly staying at home with few friends. More importantly, this had resulted in a lack of bonding between MLS’s mother and himself. MLS had started to develop symptoms of unusual behaviour 3 days after being discharged from Klang Hospital for dengue fever, in addition to being socially withdrawn and deterioration in functioning. Though MLS seemed preoccupied when admitted to University Malaya Medical Centre the first time, he was unable to describe any positive symptoms of psychosis until the second admission when he had developed auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusion and thought echo. It has been reported that children and adolescents with psychosis can typically present with a prodromal period characterized by deterioration in personal functioning and negative symptoms such as concentration and memory problems, unusual behaviour, bizarre perceptual experiences, social withdrawal, apathy and reduced interest in daily activities, some of which are observed in MLS’s case. These symptoms may follow an acute period of stress or a physical illness, which was dengue fever in MLS’s case.19 Frank p sychosis develops within 12 months of symptom onset in 40% of patients20, and this prolonged duration of prodromal period may affect school performance as well as delay the diagnosis of psychosis or schizophrenia, but for MLS the psychotic symptoms developed much earlier. The acute episode which follows the prodromal period is usually characterize by positive symptoms of hallucinations and delusions, which may lead to a sense of fear of puzzlement during the period of delusional mood. As perceptual disturbances may be new experiences for children or adolescent, they may be distressed or confused, as can be observed in MLS who appeared confused and preoccupied, and may subsequently develop secondary delusional belief such as being replaced with doubles when they experience themselves or family members as being unfamiliar. As for MLS, the lumbar puncture performed on him in the neuromedical ward may have strengthened the persecutory delusion where he started to believe that someone intentionally removed a bone from his spine and further persecutory delusion such as the belief that people wanted to poison his food in the ward. A detailed assessment including thorough history and physical examination as well as diagnostic workups need to be performed as psychosis in childhood and adolescence may result from an organic cause such as infection as well as neurological, autoimmune, endocrine or metabolic conditions. Neuropsychiatric conditions such as encephalitis, temporal lobe epilepsy, cerebral lupus, drug intoxication as well as neurodegenerative illnesses such as Wilson’s disease need to be ruled out particularly when there are neurological signs or fluctuating levels of consciousness, in which blood tests, computed tomography (CT) scan, MRI or electroencephalography (EEG) may be helpful.19 As for MLS, organic workup was performed during both the admissions to UMMC due to the acute onset of abnormal behaviour and presentation after dengue fever during the first admission, as well as an episode of recorded fever and confusion during the second admission. MLS was investigated for post-dengue encephalitis during the first admission to UMMC. Dengue viral infection can present with varying clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to life threatening haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Apart from the cmp renal and hepatic dysfunction, dengue fever can present with neurological complications including dengue encephalopathy, encephalitis, neuromuscular complications as well as neuro-ophthalmic involvement in 4-5% of confirmed dengue cases.21 While the more common symptoms of encephalitis include headache, disorientation and seizures, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis, mania and dementia have been reported as post-infectious sequelae.22 A case report in 2013 described a 12-year old boy who presented with behavioural change characterized by emotional lability, dependence, alteration in rhythm of language and tone voice, anxiety and change in tastes in addition to fever, severe headache, seizures and vomi ting. Though magnetic resonance and computed tomography showed no brain changes, serology for dengue was positive for both IgM and IgG and cerebrospinal fluid revealed high protein levels and increased lymphocytes. The boy had improved with risperidone, but behavioural symptoms were still reported to be present 60 days later. 23 Another author reported a 21-year old man who developed an episode of classical manic symptoms including overactivity, excessive talking, argumentativeness, irritability, grandiosity, abusiveness and decreased need for sleep on the 6th day of dengue illness with thrombocytopenia, and was successfully treated with carbamazepine and haloperidol.24 The diagnosis of dengue encephalitis may be made either by detection of virus or antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, but the absence of antibodies will not rule out encephalitis. MRI, the modality of choice of brain imaging, may show findings consistent with viral encephalitis such as cerebral oedema, white matter changes, brain atrophy and necrosis.25 In MLS’s case, there was no evidence suggestive of infection in his blood or cerebrospinal fluid tests, while blood imaging and electroencephalography did not reveal any significant findings. This points against the diagnosis of post-dengue encephalitis, although the investigations done by the neuromedical team during both admissions were justified and thorough. The management of adolescent psychotic disorder encompasses many aspects and should take into consideration a risk assessment to self and others, mental state, insight into illness, likely adherence to treatment as well as level of support available, in addition to any predisposing, precipitating, maintaining and protective factors. As children and adolescents with psychosis or schizophrenia and their families may experience significant distress, it is important to engage both the young person and their parents or carers in the management of their illness, which is the foundation of subsequent pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. The Early Pyschosis Declaration emphasizes the reduction of long delays that families face by services working better together and earlier to meet needs of young people and their parents. Among the issues that need to be considered in the management of children and adolescents with psychotic disorder include the normal developmental tasks of adole scents, effectiveness and safety of particular treatments as well as offering service and information to parents about costs and benefits of any recommended treatment. Psychoeducation for the young person and their families is important, such as in MLS’s case as his parents have limited awareness of mental illness and had missed MLS’s initial psychiatric appointment as they thought that he was well when he was still preoccupied and had started to develop positive psychotic symptoms. Explanation about the illness, guidance as well as involving family members in treatment decisions are important in ensuring compliance and continuity of care particularly as the young person such as MLS transits from adolescence to early adulthood.19 Though it is recommended that psychosocial and other benign options should be employed before considering medication, pharmacological treatment such as antipsychotics has been more widely used in recent times. Though there are few benefits of second generation antipsychotics over first generation antipsychotics in efficacy in treating early-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, the former is less likely to cause side effects of extrapyramidal symptoms but at the same time are associated with weight gain, metabolic problems and risk of diabetes, as part of the findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders study (TEOSS).26 As such, it has been recommended that lifestyle and dietary advise should be given in addition to side effect monitoring when initiating an antipsychotic medication.27 Though antipsychotic medication is effective in reducing positive psychotic symptoms, with a modest effect size of 0.2 to 0.3, there is limited evidence for antipsychotic treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia in young people, with only minimal differences in efficacy found among the different antipsychotics but with large differences in side effect profiles.28 A Cochrane review of antipsychotic medication used in children below age 13 years with childhood-onset schizophrenia found inconclusive evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotic medication for early-onset schizophrenia, with clozapine showing benefits over haloperidol in treatment resistant schizophrenia but were offset by risk of serious adverse effects.29 Another meta-analysis on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of antipsychotics in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with schizophrenia demonstrated that antipsychotic treatment with risperidone, olanzapine or aripiprazole resulted in significant improvement in sympt omatology, and that treatment with 10mg daily dose of aripiprazole was associated with the lowest incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms with no significant weight gain.30 However, most antipsychotic medications have not been approved to treat early-onset schizophrenia as they have not been tested in the younger individuals. In Europe, aripiprazole and more recently paliperidone which was approved the use in adolescent schizophrenia, while aripiprazole, olanzapine, paliperidone, risperidone and quetiapine are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia in individuals aged 13 to 17 years old.31 Antipsychotic treatment was started for MLS due to the severity of the psychotic symptoms as well as the risk of harm to self and others. As he had developed side effects of sedation with a low dose of risperidone, it was changed to aripiprazole, which was then switched to olanzapine when he did not respond to aripiprazol e at a dose of 10mg daily. His symptoms improved with olanzapine and had maintained well with this medication, but he would need to be regularly monitored for weight gain and metabolic side effects. As he had started to experience weight gain, dietary advice was given and continuation of active lifestyle and exercise which he was beginning to engage in was encouraged. Psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy have been studied and found that cognitive behavioural therapy can be possibly used to reduce the strength of delusional beliefs as well as to reduce the likelihood of relapse among young individuals with first episode of psychosis. In addition cognitive remediation therapy, art therapy as well as structured employment approaches are being developed and evaluated.19 Family intervention adapted for the developmental needs of adolescents aiming to reduce criticism and hostility towards the adolescent may also be helpful.31 In MLS’s case, a lesser overinvolvement by his mother was encouraged as overprotection and emotional overinvolvement are associated with high expressed emotion, which are in turn associated with a high relapse rate among patients with schizophrenia. More importantly for MLS is the return of functioning and continuation of schooling as this is his final year of secondary education and also the year in which he is bound to sit for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia examinations. It may be a stressful situation for MLS going back to school after a duration of 2 months of not attending school, in addition to the stress of catching up with studies, preparing for exams as well as possible stigma from others in school. It is important for school staff to support young individuals with psychosis or schizophrenia in school as they may feel distressed by their psychotic symptoms which may be worsened by responses of those around them, particularly if they get mocked or bullied by others. In addition, exposure to environments or classes with high levels of expressed emotion should be minimised as they are known to increase the risk of relapse but at the same time provide opportunities for social interaction with others.19 As there is a risk of future relapse with ongoing stressors such as sitting for examinations, expanding academic and career capabilities as well as undergoing the transition from adolescence to adulthood, ongoing follow-up is recommended for MLS. Among the factors contributing to a poorer prognosis in child and adolescent-onset psychosis include premorbid social and cognitive impairments, prolonged first psychotic episode, prolonged duration of untreated psychosis and negative symptoms. Schizophrenia in young individuals typically run a chronic course, with only 12% found to be in full remission at discharge and those with full recovery most likely recover within first 3 months of onset of psychosis.19 Nevertheless young individuals who do not undergo complete recovery from the illness may still be able to maintain an acceptable quality of life with adequate support as recovery is a personal process involving finding a sense of self and hope. As for MLS, regular follow-up and assessm ent of treatment needs in addition to return to functioning, prevention of a future relapse as well as continuous support from family members are crucial to ensure a good quality of life as an adolescent and a smooth transition to adulthood.

History Of Hockey Essay -- essays research papers

For more than a century, hockey historians have found that precisely tracing the sports origin is not only a difficult task but, a virtual impossibility. Therefore I can only try to deduce for myself, from the records, claims, and accounts, which are available to me, when, where, and by whom the first ice hockey was played. I’ll also discuss the early problems and obstacles that the NHL encountered. Plus I will also tell a little bit about early equipment, along with early game play and ice conditions that players encountered. Lastly, the Stanley Cup, which is the most prized and oldest sports award of the NHL. It has been won many times, by many different teams. Ice hockey is traceable to games played on fields as far back as nearly 2500 years ago. In 478 BC, a Greek soldier, Hemostocoles, built a wall in Athens which contained a sculpture scene portraying two athletes in a faceoff-like stance holding sticks similar to those later used in field hockey. (Hubbard & Fischle r, page17) Perhaps native Americans were the first to play hockey like games. The Indians of Canada invented the field game lacrosse, which is known by the legislative act as Canada’s and national sport. The Alogonquins who inhabited the shores the St. Lawrence River played an ice game that was similar to lacrosse called "baggataway," played without skates and with an unlimited number of participants. French explorers who visited the St. Lawrence River area and northern areas of United States in the 1700’s witnessed these matches. (Hubbard & Fischler, page17) According to the dictionary of language of Micmacs Indians, published in 1888, the Micmacs of eastern Canada played an ice game called "oochamkunutk," which was played with a bat or stick. Another ice game played by the Micmacs was "alchamadijik," which was referred to in legends of the Micmacs, issued in 1894. (Hubbard & Fischler, page18-19) Early hockey-like games that came from across the Atlantic include the Field game Hurley from Ireland, field hockey from England, and the ice games English bandy and Kolven from Holland. Hurley is a ground game that is still popular in Ireland. It was originally played by an unlimited number of players representing one parish against another. A flat field hockey-like stick and a large ball were used. Irish immigrants, who came to work on the Shubenacadie C... ... to an end. 1918-19, The NHL continues to suffer bad times in the second season. Crowds remained sparse, even though the league tried to elict interest by adopting new rules to make the game faster and more interesting. During this season an very unusual thing had happened, for a first time ever the Stanley cup was not awarded, the reason why it was not awarded is because Canada was in the midst of a lethal flu epidemic in the which touched the a Stanley cup teams. The flu sent many players to the hospital, tragically some of them died 6-8 weeks later. Therefore the competition was held off and a cup of was not awarded. Never again has the Stanley cup not been awarded after post season. (Hubbard & Fishler, page 55-68) Over the years the NHL suffered similar obstacles, financial problems, wars, and the lack of fans, to about the 1924-25 season. After that season times started to become easier. More profit was being made by the owners, and more fans were attending the games. Ho ckey was becoming one of the most popular sports in all of Canada, which quickly spread to the U.S. Nowadays hockey is one of the most profitable and enjoyable sports throughout North America and Europe.

Case study: Airborne Express Essay

Discussion Questions:1. Using the Value Chain Analysis, identify the primary & support activities of AirborneExpress. First I’m going to tell something about the primary activities of Airborne Express. The primary activities exist of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and as last after-sales service. Inbound logistics: They use road and air. After the pick up, it goes to the major hub in Wilmington. Operations: The operations are the delivery of approximately 900000 packages. Outbound logistics: The delivery of the packages from the hub to the delivery destination. Marketing and sales: Targeting logistics managers of major shippers. After-sales service: The use of their internet site to track their shipment and the call center automation. Second, The support Activities, they include human resources, accounting and finance operations, technology, and procurement. Human resources: â€Å" strait-laced, frugal and conservativeâ€Å"Firm infrastructure: Their fleet has 13 300 vans, 175 aircrafts and their own airport. Technology: Airborne uses its Freight on-line control and Update System (FOCUS) but in general they wait with investments until shows clear benefit for the customer. Procurement: The usage of their aircraft fleet2. What are Airborne Express’ most important capabilities? What is its core competence?Airborne Express targeted the business that focused on the shipping of large volume of urgent items, primarily to other business locations. Their most important  capabilities are that, Airborne Express is the only one who has an airport and therefore didn’t have to pay for landing fees, nor did it face any obstacles to tailoring the facility to its needs. Airborne has build a warehouse space who created the ability to receive orders as late as 2 am and have goods delivered the same day. Airborne has a patent on his cargo containers who fitted through a passenger door of an air craft and therefore did not needed a cargo door. Airborne could fill his aircraft roughly 80% full and not 65%-70% as his competitors. An other advantage of Airborne is that they could use the trucks more often than their competitors for the long-haul portion of a delivery and this was estimated to have costs who were 1/3 of the costs of owning and operating a similar amount of aircraft capacity. Airborne did things to offer a low price and was known for that. Airborne created a code for one of his biggest clients Xerox so that those packages would be delivered first (8 am.)Airborne core competence is to offer a good and fast service at a low price and they can do that because they are able to cut in their costs. 3. How and why has the express mail industry structure evolved in recent years? How have the changes affected small competitors?Evolutions:-Other kind of deliveries and more focus on speed and price. -Higher volumes and decreases of price-A larger public uses this industry-The calculations of the optimal route with information systems for speed and low price-Track shipment-The customers became more difficult and started to ask more from the companies and wanted to have as much information as possible at all time. Small competitors have a rough time because they have to compete with the larger and better organist companies. Big companies have advantages like economies of scale, bargain power,†¦. The big companies don’t use all their full capacity all the time and they come the small companies in. They can buy capacity from the big ones. So the big companies can reduce their costs and the small companies can play in the express mail industry game. 4. How has Airborne survived, and recently prospered, in its industry? What  must Robert Brazier, Airborne’s President and COO, do in order to strengthen the company’s position?Airborne is the third largest player in the express mail industry and even with recent strikes at rival UPS, he isn’t able to gain more market share from FedEx and UPS. To strengthen the company’s position, Airborne has to:-Airborne has an advantage with the usage of his trucks because the most of his volume are in the afternoon or second day deliveries. Airborne has to enlarge and develop his ground transport and the services that he there offers. -Has to find a partner or an other airline to share the facility expenses of the airport. -Airborne has to create strong and long term alliances (Roadway Package was a good start) to compete with FedEx and UPS-Upgrade and invest in his services (customers, transport, delivery on time,†¦) as much as possible-Keep on focusing on the large accounts of corporation (like Xerox)Bibliography: – Strategic Management: Concepts, Second Edition (2008), by Mason A. Carpenter and Wm. Gerard Sanders, Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN-10: 0132341409; ISBN-13: 9780132341400- Harvard online, buy case study Airborn Express

English Skills for Information Technology

English Skills for Information Technology Computer specialists develop and maintain the computer equipment and software programs that form the basis of the Internet. They make up the majority of professional and related occupations and account for about 34 percent of the industry as a whole. Computer programmers write, test, and customize the detailed instructions, called programs or software, that computers follow to perform various functions such as connecting to the Internet or displaying a Web page. Using programming languages such as C or Java, they break down tasks into a logical series of simple commands for the computer to implement. Computer software engineers analyze user needs to formulate software specifications, and then design, develop, test, and evaluate programs to meet these requirements. While computer software engineers must possess strong programming skills, they generally focus on developing programs, which are then coded by computer programmers. Computer systems analysts develop customized computer systems and networks for clients. They work with organizations to solve problems by designing or tailoring systems to meet unique requirements and then implementing these systems. By customizing systems to specific tasks, they help their clients maximize the benefit from investment in hardware, software, and other resources. Computer support specialists provide technical assistance to users who experience computer problems. They may provide support either to customers or to other employees within their own organization. Using automated diagnostic programs and their own technical knowledge, they analyze and solve problems with hardware, software, and systems. In this industry, they connect with users primarily through telephone calls and e-mail messages. Essential English for Information Technology List of the Top 200 Information Technology Vocabulary Speak about development needs using modals Examples: Our portal needs an SQL backend.The landing page should include blog posts and an RSS feed.Users can access use the tag cloud to find content. Speak about probable causes There must have been a bug in the software.We cant have used that platform.They might test our product if we ask. Speak about hypotheses (if / then) Examples: If the zipcode textbox is required for registration, users outside the US wont be able to join.If we used C to code this project, we would have to hire some developers.Our UI would have been much more simple if we had used Ajax. Speak about quantities Examples: There a lot of bugs in this code.How much time will it take to ramp up this project?Our client has a few comments about our mockup. Distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns Examples: Information (uncountable)Silicon (uncountable)Chips (countable) Write / give instructions Examples: Click on file - open and choose your file.Insert your user ID and password.Create your user profile. Write business (letters) e-mails to clients Examples: Writing reports Explain past causes for current situations Examples: The software had been installed incorrectly, so we reinstalled in order to proceed.We were developing the code base when we were put on the new project.The legacy software had been in place for five years before the new solution was designed. Ask questions Examples: Which error message do you see?How often do you need to reboot?Which software were you using when the computer screen froze? Make suggestions Examples: What dont you install a new driver?Lets create a wireframe before we go any further.How about creating a custom table for that task? Information Technology Related Dialogues and Reading Social Networking Sites Information technology job description provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Writing an Executive Summary that Emotes Confidence

Writing an Executive Summary that Emotes Confidence This article illustrates a simple rhetorical strategy, to apply at the sentence level, to increase your readers’ perception of your executive ability. This is a very useful strategy for all executive writing, but it is particularly important when writing an executive summary. Executive writing should embody both confidence and competence. If you write with a confident tone, it quietly affirms your leadership abilities to your readers. And, if you are smart and ambitious and aspire to executive level, you also want to present a confident voice in your writing tone because it will help you advance. During a recent training, a new executive shared with me that she had received feedback that she needs to â€Å"own† her decisions more strongly in all her communication, but especially in her executive summaries. The leadership team in her company felt her writing came across as tentative. When I reviewed her writing, I saw a common rhetorical error. Avoid Unnecessary Introductory Words This often stems from the very common â€Å"I am writing to tell you† approach. It is superfluous (and feels a bit like a grammar school essay) to remind your reader you are writing. I am writing to tell you that your order was shipped on Friday, January 26. You should receive it by Tuesday. Better: I am writing to tell you that Your order was shipped on Friday, January 26. You should receive it by Tuesday. Executives often fall into this same rhetorical trap by including weak introductory recommendation words: I believe closing our satellite office is the best decision. Enrollments declined 17% in 2012 and 9% in 2011. This accelerating decline reflects the program duplication with our satellite and main office programs. Better: I believe Closing our satellite office is the best decision. Enrollments declined 17% in 2012 and 9% in 2011. This accelerating decline reflects the program duplication with our satellite and main office programs. Avoid Using Qualifying, Opinion-Based Introductory Words Words like believe, think, or feelinfer a less confident voice. Instead of calmly owning your decision, this construct sounds less sure. A reader will likely think your statement is based on opinion more than clear business analysis and decision. Best: There is one verb, however, that works powerfully to convey confidence. Do use it when you want to make a strong, decisive executive impression. It connotes real ownership of your decision: I recommend closing our satellite office is the best decision. Enrollments declined 17% in 2012 and 9% in 2011. This accelerating decline reflects the program duplication with our satellite and main office programs. Notice that the verb recommend is so decisive it eliminates the need for the supporting statement â€Å"is the best decision.† I recommend clearly connotes your confidence and assessment of a business situation. It sounds confidently authoritative, but not at all brusque. Eliminate any tentative introductory clauses in your sentence structure when making executive assessments, and always eliminate them when writing an executive summary. This simple, yet very effective, rhetorical strategy will help you conveymore confidence and executive tone in your writing. Learn More in this Course: Writing anExecutive Summary.

Consumer Decision Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer Decision Process - Essay Example Consumer decision process is complex and is affected by several factors. In this paper the factors affecting consumer decision process are examined with the help of an actual purchase situation of a vacation and well supplanted with theoretical support. Grounding Theory There is a five step process in the consumer buying process: need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase evaluation. Consumers can go through three types of decision-making. The first is routine decision-making which is used when the purchase is simple, inexpensive, and familiar. Another is called limited decision-making. The consumer uses this type when decision-making involves a moderate search and purchasing effort. The final decision-making process is referred to as extensive and is used when the product is unfamiliar or very significant to consumers. Consumers may search for brand and outlets in combinations (Hawkins et.al, 1983). Most consumers are influenced by various groups in the decision-making buying process. Consumer choices are nested and interlocked across the assorted contexts of daily life (e.g., First and Dholakia 1982; Huffman, Ratneshwar, and Mick 2000).We examine these contexts in following paragraphs. Demographic Influences Demographic and economic descriptors of a market are often helpful but insufficient to explain what is purchased by consumers. They provide us with directional indicators of the total quantity purchased by variously categorized consumers but they are unable to pinpoint the specific choices of the consumers and what factors determined such choices. These factors can reveal little about the individual assortment of products purchased, brand choice, brand switching etc. Typical examples of such factors are agewise, income wise, region wise, brand wise sales or purchase data. Such data can provide broad leads for future marketing efforts. The marketing efforts however can only be truly guided by deeper analysis of other factors as discussed below. Motivation In consumer motivation there are essentially two views. First view holds the Freudian position that forces shaping people's behavior are largely unconscious. People may be unwilling, or unable to reveal or identify what is motivating them. In such cases identification of motivating factors becomes arduous. They have to be conjectured with the help of patterns of consumer behavior to given stimuli-often in controlled conditions. It has to be supplanted by additional efforts in indirect structured searching. Second view is attributed to the development of Maslow's need hierarchy. This view states that consumers are driven to satisfy certain needs at particular times and these needs can be arranged in a hierarchical pattern. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, there are five categories of needs viz. (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. They form a pyramid structure with the lowest and broadest

Genre 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genre 7 - Essay Example There are different types of biographies such as fictional bibliographies, authentic, bibliographies, autobiographies, picture book biographies, simplified biographies, compote biographies, partial biographies and collective biographies. The literally elements in the biographies are that they have written text patterns meaning they are written in chronological order, they are written as a story and biographies are written with predictable patterns. The main literacy concepts associated with biographies are factual, story, logical, aids and Authentic. One relevant award for this genre is the Robert F. Sibert Informational Medal, which is offered to the most distinguished informational book author. The award is relevant to this genre since it is aimed at rewarding authors that have written informational books, such as biographies, which are important in advancing the knowledge of children. The ward is in line the genre bibliography since it rewards the most distinguished authors who write books that have information about prominent and outstanding personalities in the society. The first advice to teachers when using the genre in a curriculum is that they should choose biographies that have a logical organization meaning bibliographies that have an interesting lifestyle that brings about curiosity to learners in the classroom, ones that have a clear and balanced view about the personality, use current and up-to-date bibliographies. Secondly, teachers use biographies in the curriculum by highlighting the main traits of successful people in the world with what learners can achieve. Teachers are cautioned against using books that have fictional characters to teach children about the genre bibliography. One of the books that fit the genre is a splash of Red, which explains the life, and art of Horace Pippin. The book provides a clear account of Horace Pippin’s life of art and

Private and Public Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Private and Public Education - Essay Example The US public school industry is the one which functions in very much the same way as any other regulated industry. Its weaknesses are also mentioned in the same manner by educational scholars and thinkers. The present state of public education in the United States of America takes high-class criticism in a number of departments. For example, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation is criticized with high volume which gives lowest possible economical support for practical procedures yet asks for complete control on educational budgets of the nation. (Arriaza, et. al, p. 1, 2005). Additionally, according to the author, for the fiscal year of 2005, the country's schools 9.8 billion dollars less than they were promised by the legislation. In this way, the author regards the NCLB legislation as a very sophisticated legislation which with tumultuous policy-making goes well beyond the plans to bring in money for other educational systems such as home schooling, charter schools, or any othe r program that can lead to the privatization of public education system (Arriaza, et. al, p. 1, 2005). ... Today success in gauged not by reduced costs by increased amount of spending. The author also notes that in public education the notion of productivity is now going down. For decades, quality has been flat in spite of enormous spending in this regard: "Labor-intensive production methods are frozen in place by outmoded funding formulas" (p. 217). Monopoly rents is something which is fought by establishment; more importantly, the author claims that in public education, "Investment and effort are directed primarily toward manipulating the political/regulatory mechanism to augment and keep revenues flowing" (Wenders, p, 217, 2005). Now looking at the scenario of the public education, the present writer reaches an opinion that the entire public education of the US must be reevaluated for the loopholes like wastage, sluggish implementation of procedures, and practicality. It is due to the fact that people have concerns about the quality assurance of each policy pushed toward the public education. One such is the NCLB legislature. It has received severe criticism because of fallacies found in the entire process. The most criticized portion of public education (which alerts the present writer) is the involvement of private venture to an extent as to demean the entire public education. US Private Education According to Wenders, (p. 217, 2005), the private education system in the US is a strange one presenting a "schizophrenic market". They private education sector is faced with a competitor which is both supported by tax and is a monopolist practicing all this in predatory pricing fashion (p. 217). The result of this abnormal competition is that private schools have been forced into a kind

The temperature of the acid Essay Example for Free

The temperature of the acid Essay My conclusion fully supports my previous hypothesis and predictions that as the temperature increases, the calculated rate of reaction increases. This is shown in my final table of results and graph. However, it does not support my predicted results exactly, as the pattern of the graph is not as I had expected. This can be explained if necessary by inaccuracy of equipment, error in timing or simply human reaction times and judgement and therefore is less important than the accuracy of the predicted fact that the temperature and the rate of reaction are proportional. From my earlier notes I can see that this is because as the temperature increases there is more heat energy. This can be converted into kinetic energy, which makes the particles move around faster, and therefore have more chance of colliding with each other. Also, larger volumes of heat and energy means more effective collisions are created. I therefore conclude that the relationship between temperature and rate of reaction is indirectly proportional, in that as the temperature increases, the rate of the reactions taking place increases also. Evaluation I feel that both my method and equipment were fairly reliable, as my results fit fairly closely with how I imagined they would. I have taken enough results and repeats, and these are close enough to my prediction to create and support a firm conclusion. However, a few of my results were slightly anomalous, and the graph did not end up in the exact shape I had predicted, and therefore there must be ways to make my experiment more accurate. There are several things I have noticed which could have adversely affected any results I got, and I have tried to think of ways in which I could alter them if I was to re-do the experiments now. It is important to remember that the line of best fit on my graph is a straight line, showing only a basic upward trend, not a graph which accelerates as I predicted. When, towards the end of the given time for practicals, I was looking to re-do any points, I only looked at my first graph of time taken against temperature (see page 10), not at the graph of rate against temperature. Therefore, instead of trying to repeat points which fall a little away from my best-fit line, such as that at 24i C or that at 50i C, I added another point at an important stage in my original graph, at 18i C. This seemed a valuable point, but looking at my rate graph it lies exactly on my best-fit line. So while it does serve to highlight the accuracy of my results and best-fit line, it would probably have been more valuable to repeat the points at 24 and 50i C. Because of reasons stated (on page 8), the point at 50i C didnt have a repeat to begin with, and therefore ought to be looked at as less valid than the other points anyway. Most of the potential inaccuracies in my experiment were caused by my equipment, rather than the method, as I felt that my method was reliable. I especially liked my system for heating, as it almost invariably kept the acid and tablets at a constant temperature and it produced accurate results. There are a few reasons that I can identify why the rate may have been above my best-fit line (such as at 24i C). If this is the case, it means that the product of 50cmi carbon dioxide was produced within a shorter time than expected. This could be due to the temperature being higher than I had believed (for example if it rose during the reaction), or the gas syringe not being back to exactly zero before starting the experiment (sometimes I found it got knocked so it was already at approximately one or two cmi ). Therefore, in theory, checking and making sure of both these things before the start of each experiment could have improved my method, and if I was to repeat the experiment I would ensure I was doing these things. There are also reasons why the rate may have been below my best-fit line (such as at 50iC). This means that the product (50cmi of carbon dioxide) took a longer time to be produced than expected, or that it took a longer time than average to show in the gas syringe. This could be due to the temperature being lower than I thought (for example having dropped during the reaction). In future, this should be checked before the experiment is started. It could also be due to faulty equipment, like the gas syringe getting stuck or the rubber joining the tube not being on properly, or being on different amounts so that the gas took longer to travel up the tube. If the experiment was repeated, the gas syringe should be chosen carefully as one which is not either too loose or too stiff, and the joining tube should be put on properly, so that no gas is allowed to escape when the pressure builds up inside the conical flask. Also, a certain degree of error must be allowed for in that a second person is necessary when starting an experiment. This is because you need one hand to add the tablets, one hand to put the bung in and a third hand to start the stopclock. This increases the chances of the experiment being inaccurate, as two different people are very unlikely to be completely synchronised. Therefore the gas has time to escape unnoticed at the start of each reaction before the bung is put in. I can see little which could be done about this in future experiments. In both cases (above or below the best-fit line) the experiment would have benefited from a greater number of results being taken at smaller intervals. This would probably have further supported my conclusion and may also have more accurately displayed a less obvious trend such as the one I originally predicted. Taking results in a wider range, (for example from 5i C to 70iC) with repeats to verify accuracy, would have strengthened my evidence. It would only have done this if, as I imagine, a continuing trend showed in the extra results. In all of the experiments, a degree of error in continuity must be taken into account. It is extremely unlikely that the tablets all had the same mass, or that there was the same volume of hydrochloric acid down to the last drop. I tried to make this as accurate as possible, using a burette instead of a measuring cylinder, and only getting the tablets out at the last minute so that they were as whole and un-tampered-with as they could be. If the experiment was to be repeated on a larger timescale, I could measure the mass of the tablets to increase accuracy. It is also impossible to swirl the beaker at exactly the same vigorousness every time, although I tried to keep it as constant as I could. If I was looking to test these results on a much wider scale, I could use other common antacid tablets with similar active ingredients, keeping the type and volume of acid constant. This would prove that the tablets that I used were regular, and didnt just coincidentally produce typical results.